Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new class of antineoplastic antibodies blocking inhibitory coreceptors on T cells. There are two classes of immune checkpoint receptor antibodies currently available, targeting either the cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) or the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway.

Highlighting the possible, albeit rare adverse effects of vaccines, does not make one an antivaccineologist. We, the undersigned physicians and researchers in the field of rheumatology and autoimmunity from across the world, emphatically acknowledge the tremendous contribution of vaccines to our health.

Heterogeneous clinical phenotypes, different patterns of response to therapy and mosaic severity disease among RA patients had raised the need among clinicians to identify possible response predicting factors and profile single RA patient conditions.

We have read with great interest the article by Ryabkova et al. [1], which discuss the current knowledge about the presence of autoantibodies and their role as pathogenic drivers in cardiovascular disease, with a specific emphasis on the risk of “… lethal episodes of arrhythmias provoking fatal acute heart failure” and sudden cardiac death.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of mortality, largely attributed to increased cardiovascular (CV) death. The prevalence of the cardiovascular disease in autoimmune diseases has been underestimated for decades.

(C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)8/IL-8 is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells [1], and endothelial cells [2]. In humans, the IL-8 protein is encoded by the IL-8 gene.

Anti-OJ autoantibodies are myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) that can be found in < 5% of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). They presumably target isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase and, as such, are part of the group of the anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, of which anti-Jo-1 is the most prevalent.

Autoimmunity derives from an immune response directed against proteins/structures normally presented within the body of the host. In general, infections precede the onset of autoimmune diseases and, since the 80s, the sharing of sequences/structures between microbial agents and humans has been proposed as the cross-reactive molecular basis for infection-induced autoimmune diseases.

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by chronic inflammation of exocrine glands, primarily the salivary and lacrimal glands. In the glands, ectopic lymphoid tissue may form, with germinal centre-like structures promoting B-cell DNA rearrangements and Ro/SSA and La/ SSB autoantibody production

To evaluate clinical associations of anti-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (anti-HMGCR) antibody (Ab) and statin exposure in necrotizing myopathy (NM) patients.