We have read with great interest the article by Ryabkova et al. [1], which discuss the current knowledge about the presence of autoantibodies and their role as pathogenic drivers in cardiovascular disease, with a specific emphasis on the risk of “… lethal episodes of arrhythmias provoking fatal acute heart failure” and sudden cardiac death.

Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease that is characterized by progressive skin fibrosis, an obliteration of the microvasculature and an exaggerated extracellular matrix deposition, which lead to multisystemic dysfunction.

The treatment of autoimmune disease is a challenge and priority as they affect 50 million individuals in the United States, and currently they collectively are the third most common disease category.

In 1890, antibody therapy burst out into the world for the first time. Nobel Prize winner Emil von Behring and colleagues showed that transfusion of serum from diphtheria toxin–injected rabbits into naıve rabbits resulted in immunity.

A case of refractory acute sarcoid myopathy successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin