Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are a group of chronic and disabling diseases that involve inappropriate or excessive immune responses. They include a wide variety of illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjo¨gren’s syndrome (SS)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease that results in increased morbidity and mortality. Under certain conditions, patients with SLE may be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) secondary to infectious disease flare-ups or other non-SLE disease conditions that are aggravated by SLE.

Autoimmune connective tissue diseases are clinically variable, making biomarkers desirable for assessing future disease risk, supporting early and accurate diagnosis, monitoring disease activity and progression, selecting therapeutics and assessing treatment response.

Specific differences in cancer risk have been observed between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and the general population. In past decades, various studies have investigated the relationship between SLE and malignancy.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), presenting with new onset or worsening neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms, is a challenge in clinical practice. Mimickers such as infections, drug-induced side effects, metabolic abnormalities, malignancies, and alcohol-related disorders have to be excluded, before attributing the manifestations to disease activity

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic chronic, multiorgan autoimmune disease characterized by immune complex deposition and vasculopathy, and, therefore, can affect any organ and tissue of the human body.

Specific differences in cancer risk have been observed between systemic lupus erythematosus patients and the general population. Although meta-analyses have estimated cancer incidence in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, results have been inconclusive.

Cannabidiol is a non-psychotropic component of cannabis sativa. Known to induce an immunomodulatory effect, cannabidiol’s therapeutic properties have been explored in a number of autoimmune diseases.

Specific differences in cancer risk have been observed between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and the general population. In past decades, various studies have investigated the relationship between SLE and malignancy

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is primarily a relapsing-remitting (RR) disease with unpredictable flares interspersed with periods of clinical quiescence of varying duration. Initial studies on the patterns of disease activity over time described three different subgroups of patients: long quiescent, RR and chronically active after 4.5 years of follow up